The language of a trust is extremely important. And when a will, trust, and other estate documents form part of the same plan, they are interpreted together. Indeed, “[w]hen a trust and will form parts of the same plan, they must be construed together.” Shriners Hospital for Children v. Schaper, 215 S.W.3d 185, 189-90 (Mo….
Legal Articles
Will Contest Standing
A party with “standing” has the legal right to sue for injuries. In some situations, this can be nuanced. For example, the will contest requirements are rigidly prescribed in Section 473.083, RSMo. With will contests, “standing has been described as belonging to one who would either gain or lose under the contested will.” Salvation Army,…
Guardianship and Conservatorship: Reasonable Choice?
When picking a guardian or conservator, the Court must appoint the must “suitable” person. The Court must also follow a hierarchy in making its choice. At the top of this list, the Court must consider “any eligible person nominated” by the allegedly incapacitated person, provided the person can “make and communicate a reasonable choice.” Section…
Breach of Trust, Sole Discretion
Fiduciary and trust litigation can be very complex. In certain trust instruments, a trustee is granted “sole discretion” to do certain things. This language, however, can be very misleading. Even when a trustee is granted “sole discretion,” a trustee may be liable if the trustee willfully abuses his discretion, acts arbitrarily, fraudulently, dishonestly, or with…
Undue Influence
An undue influence claim is one of the two most common ways to legally attack a trust, will, or non-probate transfer. There is a “presumption” of undue influence if: (1) the influencer obtains a substantial benefit from the document, (2) the influencer was active in procuring the document, and (3) there was a confidential relationship…
Creditor Claims Against Trust-Maker
During the lifetime of a settlor (i.e., trust-maker), the property of a revocable trust is subject to claims of the settlor’s creditors. Section 456.5-505.1, RSMo. Upon the settlor’s death, most revocable trusts are structured to where the trustee may pay the settlor’s last debts and expenses. Because these expenses can arise down the road and…
Trust Amendments and Modifications
When interpreting trusts, the intent of the settlor when the trust was created governs, and subsequent modifications are effective only in the manner expressed in the trust instrument. Banks v. Central Trust and Inv. Co., 388 S.W.3d 173, 176 (Mo. Ct. App. 2012). Generally, the settlor can modify the trust only in the manner provided…
Surviving Spouse Inheritance Rights
In Missouri, there are three main benefits a surviving spouse can receive in probate: (1) certain exempt property, (2) a one year support allowance, and (3) a homestead exemption. The surviving spouse automatically receives from the estate the family bible, one automobile, all clothing, electrical appliances, instruments, furniture, and utensils and implements. See Section 474.250,…
Expert Witness Standards in Probate
Section 490.065.1, RSMo governs the admissibility of expert testimony in all proceedings in the probate court. So, this applies to most or all trust and estate litigation, including breach of trust claims and trust contest claims. Among other things, the statute requires that the facts or data on which the expert relied must be the…
Power of Attorney Accounting Claims
A power of attorney is a document which authorizes one person — the agent — to act on behalf of another person — the principal. By statute, the principal may petition a court for an accounting of the agent’s activities under the power of attorney. In certain circumstances, the principal’s family may petition. Section 404.727,…