Stare decisis — “to stand by things decided” — is a legal rule. The rule is that previous cases decided are binding or persuasive on courts deciding similar subsequent cases. The U.S. Supreme Court has held that the rule is of “fundamental importance,” promoting “stability, predictability, and respect for judicial authority.” Hilton v. South Carolina Public…
Legal Articles
Missouri Supreme Court Substitute Briefs
There are generally two ways to get a case heard in the Missouri Supreme Court. First, it has jurisdiction over certain cases, like constitutional challenges, certain types of revenue laws, and death penalty appeals. Second, it can hear cases which present questions of general interest or importance. Under this second approach, the Court of appeals…
Trust Language: “Necessary or Advisable” Distributions
The language of a trust is extremely important. And when a will, trust, and other estate documents form part of the same plan, they are interpreted together. Indeed, “[w]hen a trust and will form parts of the same plan, they must be construed together.” Shriners Hospital for Children v. Schaper, 215 S.W.3d 185, 189-90 (Mo….
Failure to State a Claim, Appeals
A lawsuit fails to state a claim when assuming all of its ultimate factual allegations are true a plaintiff still fails. The argument that a lawsuit fails to state a claim is waivable. Before 2012, a failure to state a claim argument could be raised for the first time on appeal. After 2012, the defense…
Will Contest Standing
A party with “standing” has the legal right to sue for injuries. In some situations, this can be nuanced. For example, the will contest requirements are rigidly prescribed in Section 473.083, RSMo. With will contests, “standing has been described as belonging to one who would either gain or lose under the contested will.” Salvation Army,…
Failure to Produce Witness, Adverse Inference
Often times people who you think would testify at trial do not. In some cases, the Court can allow a party to argue that the reason that person did not appear is because their testimony would have been unfavorable. Put differently, the trial court has discretion to allow parties to “argue an adverse inference from…
Aggrieved Party, Right to Appeal
Any “aggrieved” party to a final judgment may appeal. Section 512.020, RSMo. To be “aggrieved,” certain requirements must be present. The judgment must “operate prejudicially and directly on the party’s personal or property rights or interests, and such effect must be immediate, not merely a possible remote consequence.” Bi-State Development Agency of Missouri-Illinois Metropolitan Dist….
Amendments to Conform to Evidence
It is common to amend pleadings. The purpose of pleadings are to define the factual and legal issues that are being tried. Generally, judgments which exceed the scope of the claims in a lawsuit and pleadings are improper. Sometimes pleadings may be amended to conform to the evidence presented at trial. Rule 55.33(b) allows the…
LLCs: Personal Use of LLC Property
Limited Liability Companies are perhaps the dominant business entity. They are easy to form and easy to manage. Often times they are manager-managed, which means that managers supervise and control the operations of the company. Managers of a LLC generally owe fiduciary duties to the LLC’s owners/members, subject to the terms of the LLC’s operating…
Explicit and Implicit Credibility
When arguing cases on appeal, it is virtually impossible to overturn a credibility determination made in the lower court. Indeed, appellate courts “defer to the trial court’s credibility determinations.” Federal Nat. Mortg. Ass’n v. Wilson, 409 S.W.3d 490, 494 (Mo. Ct. App. 2013). The reason for this deference is that lower courts in a better position…