Courts are crowded with litigation. To combat this overcrowding, judicial doctrines have been developed to cut down on repetitive litigation and help facilitate prompt judicial resolutions.  Collateral estoppel, or issue preclusion, precludes the same parties, or those in privity with the parties, from re-litigating issues that have been previously litigated. In deciding whether collateral estoppel is proper, Courts consider: (1)…